Frets

Frets are raised elements located on the fretboard of a guitar. Frets are usually pieces of metal, wood, or other materials that could be used.

Each fret on the fretboard represents a semi-tone. Each octave is divided into twelve semi-tones. Thus, the twelfth fret is the octave of the nut. (Or an open string. )

Job
The job of a fret is to reduce the vibrating length of a string. This result is achieved when a string is pressed down on the fretboard. The string will then come into contact with the fret, (farthest away from the nut) and will cause the vibration length to come to a stop.

Since the intonation is equal tempered, the ratio of the distances of two consecutive frets to the bridge is 1.059463. Theoretically, the twelfth fret should divide the string in two exact halves. To compensate for the increase in string tension when the string is pressed against the frets, the bridge position is adjusted slightly so the 12th fret plays exactly in tune.

Also, compared to other instruments without frets, the frets make it much easier for the player to chord, allowing for more exact intonation.

Fret Buzz
Fret buzz is an undesirable reaction that occurs. Fret buzz happens when the vibrating part of one or more strings physically strikes the frets that are higher than the fretted note (or open note). This causes a "buzzing" sound on the guitar that can range from a small annoyance, to severe enough to dampen the note and greatly reduce sustain. Sometimes, fret buzz can be so minimal that there is only a small change in the tone (timbre) of the note, without any noticeable buzzing. Fret buzz can be caused by different things:


 * Low action
 * Improperly installed frets
 * Strings too loose
 * Improper relief of guitar neck